Insider Interview

Insider Interview with Vision Duo

Vision Duo (violinist Ariel Horowitz and percussionist Britton-René Collins) perform classical works with a contemporary twist. On March 5, 2025 the duo makes their Baruch PAC recital debut with a wide-ranging program that includes Bizet/Hubay’s Carmen Fantasy, Misty by the jazz pianist Erroll Garner, music by Piazzolla, Vision’s own Horowitz, and others. We spoke to Horowitz and Collins about the unique combination of violin and marimba, the upcoming program, and expanding their repertoire. 

I can’t think of a single piece of classical music written for your unique combination of instruments. What the heck were you thinking when you created this duo? 

Britton-René Collins: Our duo was formed during the pandemic, at a time where many musicians were experimenting and planning for the return of live music performance. We had only known each other through social media, and admired one another’s work. It just made sense for us, as like-minded creatives, to join together and collaborate in a meaningful way. 

How do you balance the difference in timbres and volume between the violin and percussion?  

Ariel Horowitz: We love the dichotomy between the instruments and their vastly different soundworlds, and we enjoy leaning into that – a violin will never sound like a marimba, and vice versa, so it’s very fun to enjoy all of the variety of soundworlds that we can craft together.  

BRC: Although the pairing of a western classical instrument with a modern percussion instrument originating from West Africa could be considered atypical, the violin and marimba blend seamlessly together. Many existing works in the violin/marimba duo repertoire were commissioned by the group “Marimolin” over the span of several decades. Having commissioned, composed, and premiered new works for our duo’s instrumentation together, we share a passion for contributing to the growing body of violin and percussion repertoire. 

Tell us about your program at Baruch PAC? There are many new works, some arrangements and a work by you, Ariel. How did you put together this program?  

AH: We’re so excited for our program at Baruch PAC! Our program, Moxie, is kind of like a musical charcuterie board: we hope there can be something for everyone. We enjoy a variety of styles of music, both as performers and listeners, so our programming reflects our eclectic tastes. You’ll hear music from Blues to Jazz to Opera to Baroque Classical to Indie, and you might even hear some music that we improvise together on the spot: another great passion of ours.  

BRC: The inspiration behind our program came naturally, as our friendship formed through our shared love of multi-genre music. Through our versatile programming, we hope that audiences of all demographics might be able to identify and connect with our performances. 

It appears that all the works that weren’t written for you are an arrangement. What’s your process for picking pieces and making these arrangements? 

AH: Britt and I have a ton of songs that we love for various reasons – musically, lyrically, aesthetically, or the song is significant to one or the other of us (often both)! Usually, from there, we start from improvisation – we rarely write down our arrangements, but enjoy coming up with our tunes through a collaborative jam session.  

Ariel, could you tell us a bit about your work? 

AH: Solitude is a song I originally created back in my own college days, so it feels quite fitting to be able to share it for students in that stage of early adulthood at Baruch PAC. I was quite lonely in those days, though I was surrounded constantly by lots of people. A lot was going wrong in my life at the time, too, so I came up with a mantra: “I am in Solitude but I’m not lonely”. I was improvising a lot on my own in private those days, and singing a lot by myself, too. Through a lot of improvisation processes, including a rather public one in front of a panel at an audition (a story for another time, haha!), the song evolved into what it is now. I’m so glad to get to share this song with my dearest friend Britt as a duo, now, and this song features on my recently released album, Hearth!  

Insider Interview with classical accordionist Hanzhi Wang

On April 19, Baruch Performing Arts Center presents classical accordionist Hanzhi Wang in recital. Acclaimed for her “staggering virtuosity,” Ms. Wang is the only accordionist to ever win the Young Concert Artists Susan Wadsworth International Auditions. Her wide-ranging recital features works by Piazzolla, Bach, Boulanger, Gubaidulina and others. We spoke with her about being a pioneer for her instrument, the differences between classical accordion and similar instruments, and the upcoming program at Baruch PAC. 

What first attracted you to the accordion? 

When I was around five years old, I had a chance encounter with an accordion while watching a classical Italian movie called "Cinema Paradiso" with my parents. The soundtrack immediately caught my attention and I noticed a unique sound that I had never heard before from any other classical musical instrument. I became intrigued and since then, I wanted to learn how to play the accordion.

How did you come to the unusual focus of classical music on your instrument?  Do you think of yourself as a classical musician who plays accordion, or as an accordionist who plays classical music? 

I consider myself a classical musician who plays the accordion. Unfortunately, the classical accordion is not yet commonly recognized in the US. I have noticed that the accordion is generally associated with folk music. However, the classical accordion has the potential to perform many types of music. The main difference between the classical accordion and the regular accordion is the left-hand part. While the regular accordion produces an "Oom-pa-pa" sound, the classical accordion has single tones in the left hand which allows us to perform polyphonic music such as Bach or any great classical composers.

What are the challenges of playing classical music on the accordion? How is your performance approach different from popular or folk music?

Playing the classical accordion can be quite challenging. The right-hand side has 107 buttons while the left-hand side has 120 buttons, none of which are visible while playing. Additionally, the player's left wrist and arm must control the compression and bellows turning. Therefore, there are technically three things going on simultaneously while performing.

Tell us about your instrument. Where's it from? What makes it unique? How long have you had it? 

For almost two decades, my accordion has been with me, its origins tracing back to the picturesque town of Castelfidardo in Italy - the "accordion city" situated along the stunning coast of Ancona. With every passing year, the sound of my instrument only gets better and better.

Insider Interview with Shea-Kim Duo ("All Roads")

The award-winning Shea-Kim Duo - violinist Brendan Shea and pianist Yerin Kim - have just released a new album on Blue Griffin Recordings. “All Roads” features music by Schnittke, Beach, Schumann, and Beethoven. We spoke to the duo about the new album, what they’ve been up to since we last spoke with them (fresh off the release of “The Sound and the Fury”), and more.

Last time we spoke, you had just released your debut album The Sound and the Fury in 2021. What has kept you busy in the years since, both professionally and as a family? 

Yerin Kim: We’ve been busy with our two kids and balancing our personal and professional lives. We recently joined the roster of Parker Artists, I started my tenure track position as Professor of Music at Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. Brendan is concertmaster at the Boise Philharmonic and serves as Artist in Residence at the College of Idaho. It’s been very busy, but also very rewarding.

Brendan Shea: Our move to the Pacific Northwest from Indiana was a big change. It's where I'm originally from, so it is great to be back. 

How does All Roads differ from your previous duo album? What throughlines run between the two? 

Y: Our previous album, “The Sound and the Fury” focused on the spectrum of emotions and colors that we personally felt connected to. A wide range of human expression was at the heart of it. This new album, we focused on the wide range of colors and fashion that is connected to the heart of Viennese classical and romantic styles; iconic duo works by Robert Schumann and Beethoven, the humorous evocation of late baroque/early classical style by Schnittke, the high romanticism depicted by Amy Beach. 

B: All Roads was an opportunity for us to continue to explore unusual ways composers from different times and places are connected. We wanted to create a soundscape that showed how wildly different styles are connected. Vienna is an incredibly important city for classical music, and it was fun finding works we felt really connected the composers to this idea.

 What did you learn through your experiences recording your first album that you applied towards creating All Roads?

Y: I really have to thank our sound engineer and producer Sergei Kvitko. This is actually my third album with him as he was the engineer for my solo debut album “First and Last Words-Schumann and Schnittke”. I can’t say enough how grateful I am to have trusting ears behind the scenes, empathizing with every sound and emotions that we go through. Recording is a very personal experience and to have someone like Sergei listening with all of his senses giving honest feedback and support was so special. 

B: Yes, Sergei and his cats and dogs and his husband James all endured our bloopers, so special thanks to them! I think we’ve also always loved programming recitals, and programming for “The Sound and the Fury” and “All Roads” felt really natural to what we do every time we pick repertoire for our tours and concerts. The hardest part is not packing too much onto the concert!

What does the title, All Roads, refer to? What attracts you to the mystique and culture of Vienna?

Y: We love the idea of taking something that evokes an image or an idea, and framing it in a musical context. With our first album there is the quote from Macbeth and the Faulkner novel of the same name. With All Roads there is the connection to the saying coined by the 12th century theologian and poet Alain de Lille “All roads lead to Rome, '' which has seen frequent use since its inception. 

B: I travelled to Vienna for lessons in high school, and it was an incredibly important part of my development as a musician. Being there, making music, going to the same places that so many of my favorite composers had been to, it really felt like an almost religious experience. I wondered often afterward if the mystique of the city had that effect on others who had gone before me, and that was a big part of my own connection to the title.

The album’s most recently composed piece is Alfred Schnittke’s Suite in the Old Style. What is the old style he refers to?

Y: Schnittke is such an interesting composer, he created a style of music that seems to travel through different times and styles. He described his identity as:

tied to Russia, having spent all my life here. On the other hand, much of what I’ve written is somehow related to German music and to the logic that comes out of being German, although I did not particularly want this…Like my German forebears, I live in Russia, I can speak and write Russian far better than German... My Jewish half gives me no peace: I know none of the Jewish languages, but I look like a typical Jew.

I think that his ability to perceive all these different cultures had a profound effect on his writing. Vienna was where he took piano and theory lessons at a young age so it was only natural for us to include his piece in this album. As for the piece, “Suite in the Old Style” gives us the comfort of familiarity in the form and texture mixed with unexpected punches in pitches and dynamics.

B: A suite is a collection of movements, usually dances, written for various instruments to perform. The 6 Suites for solo cello by J.S. Bach comes to mind. The old style is referring to the styles he is using, which were frequently used during the baroque. The minuet, fugue, and pastoral are particularly evocative of popular forms from this time period. Like Stravinsky and Prokofiev, Schnittke inserts moments of humor and his own musical language. What’s wonderful about this piece is often we hear different moments where audience members hear Schnittke making a joke, or putting something in an unusual spot.  

What do you bring to your performance of Beethoven’s Violin Sonata No. 3 that is uniquely your own?

Y: We didn’t hold back! It is such a fun piece to play. It was a complete headache to learn it because it is not an easy piece, but once it is “in your system”, it is such a ride. I love the heartfelt second movement that allows you to soak into his sound world and the contrasting energetic outer movements that makes you feel like you’re the most fit person in the world (I am not). 

B: Beethoven is always so fun to work on in this setting. With any piece you come with your own ideas and feelings, but Beethoven is somehow always more intense to dig into. I felt like where we started was completely different by the end. This piece is notoriously difficult for piano, and considering none of these sonatas are ever easy for anyone that’s really saying something. The challenge resides in the juxtaposition between balancing the classical style and Beethoven's unrelenting style of writing. Early Beethoven also has an extremely wide range of emotions and colors, and deciding what to bring out is a wonderful intense process. This Sonata in particular feels like it’s super charged in all directions, technical complexity, emotional depth, everything.

Insider Interview with Sono Fest! curator Ethan Iverson

On June 6-18, and June 23, 2023, the Soapbox Gallery in Brooklyn presents its first annual Sono Fest!, featuring top performers in jazz and classical music.

Pianist, composer and man of many other talents Ethan Iverson curated the two-week festival, which takes place in the cozy atmosphere of the 60-seat art gallery venue. Every music fan, no matter where they are, will be able to attend, as all of the performances are live-streamed worldwide.

Here is an interview with Ethan Iverson about the festival.

Classical Music Communications: How did you meet Soapbox Gallery owner Jimmy Greenfield, and how did the idea of Sono Fest! come about?          

Ethan Iverson: When I played a nice jazz duo gig at Soapbox with trumpeter Ingrid Jensen, I was impressed with the interesting space, the excellent piano, and the fact that Jimmy was a nice guy.  

Truthfully we are starved for venues in New York: so many worthy musicians, so few places to play. I’d been thinking about Soapbox a while, and then Jimmy called out of the blue, looking for input. I suggested that a festival of modern greats might raise the venue’s profile. 

CMC: Why do you call it Sono Fest! ? What's the overarching theme of the festival? 

EI: Jimmy came up with the name. 

The theme is basically: these are all musicians I dig! I love both jazz and classical music, and these are some of the best practitioners of either genre. 

There’s a certain amount of progressive thinking on view as well. Everyone on this program is moving it forward, at times on multiple paths. I play the first night with classical violin virtuoso Miranda Cuckson, then the second night with jazz saxophone virtuoso Chris Potter. It’s comparatively unusual for someone to do that, but I honestly believe this is the future we need and want. My next jazz album for the Blue Note label will include my fully-notated Piano Sonata: the first sonata on Blue Note.

Even the coda featuring Mark Padmore is progressive. Padmore sells out big halls doing German lieder with star pianists. But he’s also interested in community outreach and assessing the larger story of humans on this planet. His “Songs of the Earth” program, which combines songs with poetry recited by Sarah Deming, is a humble but sincere serve to making a better world. 

CMC: How did you choose this collection of musicians? 

EI: Many are friends or colleagues, people I really respect as a person and as a musician. The hardest part was not extending the programming for a month or two! For a moment I was even considering giving everyone just one set, that way I’d have twice as many slots to play with. Well, we will see how this goes and adjust accordingly for next time.

The people who I don’t really know personally are more from the classical side, the string quartet Momenta and the pianists Taka Kigawa and Han Chen. They are all playing programs of the highest technical and musical difficulty, after having spent hours and hours rehearsing and practicing those programs. For Soapbox, Momenta, Kigawa, and Chen are all performing their program twice the same night. After putting in all that work, often the classical musicians just get a chance to do a program once.  

Some jazz cats could learn a bit about a serious work ethic from the classical cats — not that the jazz musicians on the Soapbox series don’t put in the work. In fact, that’s one unifying element about Sono Fest! cast: everyone present spends a lot of time alone in a room, working it out.  

CMC: As both performer and curator for the festival, what is alluring about performing at Soapbox Gallery? 

EI: The piano is excellent, maybe the best piano in Brooklyn. And it just so great to play in an intimate space. 

CMC: There are so many incredible concerts for audiences to unpack here. What concert would you point to for the audience member who’s looking for a concert that’s… contemplative? … intellectual? …. someone looking for virtuosic thrill?  

EI: Perhaps the best thing is to sort by genre. I’m known as a jazz musician, and the concerts with Chris Potter, Sam Newsome + Sylvie Courvoisier, Aaron Diehl, and Marta Sánchez are all going to have breathtaking improvisations: sounds created in real time. On the other hand, there are solo and chamber concerts of formal notation, which include Miranda Cuckson, Taka Kigawa, the Momenta Quartet, Han Chen, and Mark Padmore. There are two composer features, Scott Wollschleger and Robert Cuckson, both offering mixed programs with the best freelance chamber musicians in NYC. (The Momenta sets are also a bit of composer feature, I specifically asked them to play quartets from Alvin Singleton.) Judith Berkson is unclassifiable, she will be singing, playing piano, and generating electroacoustic work, while Timo Andres is also polymath, playing rags, mazurkas, and his own piano music. I’m looking forward to each and every set!  

 

Insider Interview with Richard Guerin

On May 29-June 3, the Sinfonietta Cracovia returns to the U.S for the first time since 2011 for a 3-city tour. Performing music by Philip Glass and Wojciech Kilar, the program celebrates two great 20th century composers who were equally successful in writing contemporary classical works as they were in scoring film music. We spoke with the Richard Guerin, head of Philip Glass’ record label Orange Mountain Music, about the upcoming tour, what makes Sinfonietta Cracovia the perfect ensemble to perform this repertoire, Wojciech Kilar, and more.

Why center a program around Glass and Kilar? What do they have in common musically and how do their compositions complement each other?

When the possibility for this concert came up for Sinfonietta Cracovia to combine the music of Philip Glass and Wojciech Kilar in a concert, it felt like a natural fit. Not only was there a compatibility of the musics of these two amazing composers, but there was layer upon layer of connection.

Firstly, both Glass and Kilar studied in Paris under the most famous teacher of the 20th Century, Nadia Boulanger.  That in itself could mean a little or a lot – but anyone who studied with her can tell you that with her, it means a lot.  She was one of those amazing figures in music history.

Secondly, possibly the biggest issue for being an artist in the 20th and 21st centuries is “how to earn a living?” It’s not quite as simple as that but a more precise way of putting it would be: “where is the line between art and commerce?”  Both Glass and Kilar jumped back and forth over this imaginary line.  In a practical sense, we can hear it in the music; there isn’t a lot of difference between the sound of their art music and the sound of their commercial music. Both composers are immediately identifiable through their musical voice.  This goes back to Boulanger.

The third part of this is that their paths crossed in a very interesting way on the big screen. In the final scene of the 1998 film The Truman Show, when Truman is finally breaking out of his cage he takes to sea. At that moment, you hear very beautiful original music by Philip Glass called “Raising the Sail.”  When Truman finally reaches the end of “his” world, the music stops. A moment later he has a catharsis and it’s at this moment that Kilar’s music seamlessly appears.

To my point, Glass thought so much of his “Raising the Sail” that it ended up being the basis for the slow movement of his first piano concerto (a concert work).  Whereas the Kilar music we hear is called “Requiem Father Kolbe”...a concert work which actually also originated as film music in a film called “A Life for a Life.”

So in both Kilar and Glass there are incredibly strong musical voices that emerged from a common teacher, and those musical voices were applied to both realms of art music and main stream cinema.  It’s part of what Sinfonietta Cracovia will be exploring in their concerts.

What’s the orchestra’s connection to Philip Glass? How do you approach playing music by an American composer versus Kilar, who’s native to Poland?

Artistically, the conductor Katarzyna Tomala-Jedynak will be able to comment about the journey the orchestra has been on, having presented this music in different countries around the world. But there’s also a larger connection. In 2014 I traveled with Philip Glass to Krakow for performances of his “Complete Piano Etudes” at the Sacrum Profanum Festival. Krakow is an amazing place with non-stop festivals - from a Jewish Music Festival to the world’s largest Film Music Festival.  In the context of the Sacrum Profanum Festival, I recall Glass telling me that “the sacred and the profane turn out to be the same thing!” One of the people I first connected to while in Poland was Agata Grabowiecka.  She worked for the Krakow Festival Office – working a lot on the film music festival - and later became the director of Sinfonietta Cracovia. 

So when we talk about playing “music by American composers,” it needs to be understood that probably more American music gets played in Krakow than any other place in the world; we are talking about the great American composers of film music.  Agata has a deep commitment to that. And if you have ever been there, you can see the amazing culture they have built around embracing those American film composers as real artists. Sadly that’s not the case here in the USA. 

But really this is an international event, and cinema is an international art form.  If a composer only known for art music becomes an international success, and that may or may not be true of Philip Glass, but largely if you are a living composer, the only chance you have to be heard on an international level is through cinema. So there is an “international style” of performing this kind of music. 

With that said, part of what I love about Wojciech Kilar is that he is very much a Polish composer. When Francis Ford Coppola wanted music to evoke Transylvania, he simply went to what he thought was a dark corner of Eastern Europe and found this perfect kind of music for his imagination. It turned out to be Kilar’s music...the kind of music he had been writing for decades.  In that way, Kilar’s music already existed, it was just waiting for a canvas like Coppola’s Dracula in order to shine.

What Sinfonietta Cracovia brings to both Glass and Kilar is an understanding of how to play the music of both composers, and how to play both kinds of music.

What would prompt an avid concert-goer to come hear the Sinfonietta Cracovia? What is distinctive about the ensemble?

What this concert is really about is playing music that people want to hear.  So much of 20th century art music was tied up in politics, “Schools of Composition”, nationalism...etc.  The most admirable thing about both Philip Glass and Kilar – more important than anything else – is that these are composers who truly found their own way.  It’s not about “compromising” or not, it’s about writing the music you want to write. To do that you either have to find or make those opportunities.  Philip Glass’ voyage from dozens of odd jobs that took him well into his 40s is well-documented.  That was the price he had to pay to keep his independence – and for his music to keep its independence too. 

Kilar is similar in that way.  He was an almost exact contemporary with composers Gorecki and Penderecki. Neither of them did film scores whereas Kilar dived in head-first.  He always said he had three areas of composition:  concert music, film music, and sacred music. He never wrote an opera.  I don’t know for a fact but I think film music for Kilar was a way of keeping his independence during a very dangerous time for artists in Poland behind the iron curtain. In other words, his daring music could hide in plain sight.  Earning a living with film music probably saved his life, and it was good music! On the other hand, I visited his home and Kilar lived a quite modest life.

I was thrilled in 2022 when the Krakow Film Music Festival awarded the Wojciech Kilar Award to Philip Glass. The award is given to a film composer “who has remained true to the traditional art of composition.”  We can debate what that means, about what place film music takes in the history of music, but in the debating of these things the point emerges that good music – regardless of where it comes from – is good music and has a chance at being remembered. 

Insider Interview with pianist Jeeyoon Kim

On June 7, award-winning classical Pianist Jeeyoon Kim performs at Carnegie Hall with her new performance project 시음 /si-úm/ (pronounced shee-oom). The project combines music, poetry, and photography, and is part of a 30-city national tour. We spoke with her about the upcoming recital, her passion for surfing, being a best-selling author, and more.

You started playing piano at the age of 4? I think there are a lot of us who started something similar and lost interest, moved on to something else, or quit altogether. What was it about piano that not only held your interest, but became the kind of passion that you’ve continued to pursue through your education, teaching others, performing, podcasting, etc.?

I started the piano when I was four years old, but I don't know whether I chose it or it chose me. I listened to my inner voice whispering that love of music to me and exercised that love by working hard for life. At this point, the piano is an extension of my body and my soul mate.

For me, the piano is the queen of all instruments, a perfect chameleon. It can be completed on its own or work in beautiful harmony with other instruments. It can imitate the most thunderous sonority of an orchestra yet can produce the most sensitive and intimate sound. Whatever I do, I always hear the beautiful voice of the piano singing in my head. I believe in the innate power of music to connect and heal people. I can’t think of a better instrument to convey that message to the world than the piano.

Your book is called “Whenever You’re Ready: How to Compose the Life of Your Dreams.” which also became a best-selling book in Korea. Where did the idea for this book come from? Why was this something you wanted to write? 

In the final moment, when I’m backstage about to meet an audience, I note that someone with a hand on the stage door always waits for my cue. “Whenever you’re ready…” they tell me. At that very moment, I gather a tremendous amount of courage and strength through my fear and negative voices.  When I nod with a smile, a beautiful stage opens for me to walk toward the crowds.

Through this book, I wanted to demystify many assumptions that people might have about what I do and share the tools to prepare for the stage mentally, emotionally, and physically. Through my teaching, I realized that there are many tools in life that people ignore even if they know of them. With warmth, honesty, and compassion, I wished that through the lens of a concert pianist and fellow human being who also has struggles, people might be inspired and motivated to pick up some of the life tools that worked for me and hopefully use them in their green rooms when they perform on their stage of life. 

You’ve been recognized for your talents as both an artist and an educator, with numerous awards, and you’ve also attracted younger fans to classical music. Why is it that you think you’ve been able to draw younger people into enjoying classical piano? What are you doing differently? 

Many older generations experienced classical music as the main source of entertainment at home or at the local theatre when they were growing up. In the world of so much stimulation in which we live, the younger generations need a little more guidance or at least the first experience of being guided into classical music. It is not that they wouldn’t be interested in classical music, but they have never had a chance to experience it properly. I talk to the audience like a friend who happens to be a concert pianist, as if I am inviting them to my living room to hear me play a piece that I am passionate about. I assume nothing. I guide each piece on stage and embrace it as a journey we would take together.

I create a bridge by sharing my feelings about the piece, struggles, victories, stories, and emotions connected to the piece, then open a path for them to get into their stories and feelings about the music as they listen. My goal is to be a vessel for the music so that music can get its core message as directly as possible. The more they connect with me, the easier it is for them to bypass me, the pianist, and get to their souls directly communicating with the music. They finally get it when they are properly given the opportunities, and they think that the music of Beethoven and Chopin is ‘cool.’

Your bio says that you are dedicated to pushing the boundaries of traditional classical music to connect with new audiences. How would you describe what some of the boundaries of traditional classical music are, to you? And why are you dedicated to pushing those boundaries?

About 300 years ago, classical music was the pop music of European culture. A musician like Chopin might be one of your friends, introducing his new compositions at a cocktail party, but the wall between a performer and the audience has grown higher as time passed. Over the years, many unspoken rules and traditions have been created around the culture of classical music. When one attends a classical concert, there is the assumption that one knows a lot about classical music, you should wear formal attire, you would know who Chopin was, and there is a performer who would never interact with the audience and disappear after the concert, program notes explain the background of the piece like a history book, and there is always an intermission of 15 minutes after 45 minutes of music before another 45 minutes of music.

As much as I am familiar with these traditions, I am also aware that these assumptions and rules could drive a potential new audience away from giving classical music a try, thinking that it is only for a particular type of people or their grandmothers. I want to break the barrier down as much as possible without changing the content. Classical music is about raw human emotions that existed 300 years ago, and that are the very same emotions that we feel today. I want to let people know that this amazing gift, like mountains and rivers in nature, is available to everyone. I push these boundaries so that more people can experience the beauty of classical music and benefit from it.  

Your concert program, Si-Um, connects poetry and music with black and white film photography. How do the works and the art forms relate to one another? 

To me, music is like poetry with notes, and poetry is like music with words. These two vastly different yet similar art forms share many common grounds in which they both lie in a constant process of creating, searching, editing, polishing, and revisiting. Yet, both ultimately strive to communicate human emotions. Black and white film photography is also similar. With a film camera, you don’t have thousands of free tries like digital cameras. You set, prepare for it, come back to the same spot multiple times to get one shot, then go into a darkroom and develop images from the negatives. I find all three art forms - classical music, poetry, and black and white film photography - accentuate the beauty of the ‘slow’ process. I’ve attempted to combine these art forms in my si-úm concert with one goal in mind: To enhance the experience of the music.  

Did the featured poets write the works specifically for the project, or did you find poems that were already written? 

Some were newly commissioned for this project. Some were already written—about 70 to 30 ratio. 

What is one thing people would be surprised to find out about you?

The fact that I surf every day and love to ride gliders. To me, surfing is like making music, following an organic shape of phrasing with ever-changing waves, and being at one with nature. I love watching the sunrise from the water, seeing dolphins swimming by, and pelicans catching fish for breakfast. I try to observe what nature teaches me and express it in music.

How do surfing and music cross over, connect, and enhance each other? 

I think music and surfing are both spiritual. Whenever I perform, I connect with people in the 4th dimension, where no time exists, and our souls are connected through music. In music, I find a deep connection with nature, where I become one with the universe. 

In both surfing and music, there is a sense of weightlessness. In classical music, there is a sense of inner pulse like a heartbeat; there is a sense of sonic structure where you reach the climax, build up to the climax, and drop and turn from creating the musical phrasing. I find in music I truly become weightless, meeting my soul floating in musical phrasing in which I ride a sonic wave, whereas in surfing, I feel there is weightlessness physically riding a liquid wave. 

In music, no matter how much you practice, each performance is unique in that moment. The very note I am playing is determined by how I played the note prior. I have to listen to every note to create a musical phrasing and be totally present in the moment. In surfing, no one wave is the same. I have to adjust and follow the rhythm of each wave and feel the right pathway each time. 

As a pianist, I face a different instrument on stage at every venue. I have to get used to it and make beautiful music out of it no matter what. Each piano has different characteristics and strengths. Perhaps different surfboards are like different pianos. They play different tunes, and I need to change my approach completely. It goes the same with different breaks in the waves. I find different concert halls are like different breaks: each looks different and sounds different.  The environment and the audience are different too. 

I find that both music-making and surfing require me to be in the moment and flexible in mind and body. I love that aspect of it. Most of the time when I perform, I close my eyes. I can feel the music, and now as a surfer I also feel the sensation of riding the waves in my mind. I believe that it does make me a better musician and better person in the process. 

 

Insider Interview with UrbanArias' "Inbox Zero" creative team

On May 4, UrbanArias presents the workshop production of their newly commissioned opera “Inbox Zero” by Peter Hilliard (composer) and Matt Boresi (librettist). We spoke to the duo and UrbanArias founder & director Robert Wood about the new work, the collaboration process, and what audiences can expect from this monodrama. For more information about the May 4 performance, visit UrbanArias.org.

Peter and Matt, Inbox Zero is one of many collaborations you’ve done together. How did your first meet and begin working together?

Peter Hilliard and Matt Boresi: We met at the Graduate Musical Theatre Writing Program at NYU. We wrote two operas there, and two decades later, we haven’t looked back.

What’s your collaboration process?

PH & MB: We are in conversation about multiple projects pretty much nonstop. Matt lives in Chicago and Peter lives in Philly, so most of our conversations happen on the phone. But we often go to productions of our work, and we usually pack a lot of work into car drives and hotel stays. When a company commissions us, we switch to a more active mode and plot everything together. By the time Matt writes the libretto, both of us have a very strong sense of what’s happening in the opera.

Peter begins by writing the aria moments, then moves out into the connecting material, after the musical language for each character is strongly established.

Much of this piece was written fully orchestrated, instead of orchestrating from a piano vocal score. This is unusual for us.

Robert, you have commissioned several works by Peter and Matt for UrbanArias. What initially drew you to their work?

Robert Wood: I was introduced to Peter and Matt through their opera "The Filthy Habit", which is a modern adaptation of an obscure opera called "The Secret of Susanna", about a woman who is a closet smoker. It was so clever - the update was perfect, the humor very topical, and the score really sexy and fun - that I programmed it on our second season. Audiences loved it, and I knew I would have to commission something from them. Both "Blue Viola" and "The Last American Hammer" were our first two commissions from Peter and Matt, and they were big successes for us. We took both of them to showcases at Opera America, which helped get them additional productions.

What inspired the story of “Inbox Zero”?

MB: Peter and I have been exploring a set of themes in recent years - in particular how late capitalism weighs on the values and consciousness of people trying to create a life for themselves. I was looking for stories about people kind of caught in the gears of hustle culture and I thought about e-mail scams and how they hook people when they’re all by themselves in a room, dreaming of getting rich quick. When the Pandemic shut down the Opera industry, Peter and I revisited the idea, because it’s something that one person could theoretically perform from isolation if need be. And started to research how e-mails scams work and why people let themselves fall for such an obvious con. We asked Keith (Baritone Keith Phares) if the idea was interesting to him. It seems like such a good fit for him and we’re such a fan of his interpretation style. We mentioned the project to Robert, as well, who has really championed our work. The worst of the pandemic ended of course, but Bob circled back around about the project, and by that time we’d really fleshed out the idea. And here we are!

Robert, what guidelines/requirements/limitations did you give, if any, to Matt and Peter? In other words, what was the initial “prompt” from UrbanArias’ end?

RW: We were looking for an opera to workshop that wasn't too big, so I asked Peter and Matt what they had in the pipeline. I knew they would have at least one idea that would be a good fit for us. We all zeroed in (haha) on this piece because it was for small forces (one singer), and also in the same theme as our previous two commissions - the American dream unfulfilled, and what effect that has on average people. So it wasn't a prompt so much as serendipity, but I actually count on serendipity with these two.

The May 4 production is a staged workshop. What makes this different from a full production?

PH & MB: One real difficulty with writing opera involves rewrites. When we write musicals, a new number can be swapped out for an old one or added to a scene with very little difficulty. Because opera is wall-to-wall music, rewrites involve all the connecting tissue between musical moments, including orchestration. When a full production is in rehearsal and barreling toward opening night, rewrites are rushed and difficult.

Before it’s been performed by actual people, writers have no way of knowing whether the work flows properly or connects to an audience. A good workshop is a wonderful intermediate step.

You’ll see an orchestrated complete draft of the piece: beginning, middle, and end, but the set and lights and costumes and props will be more of a suggestion. And the work itself will be in a state of flux - we’ll have just done rewrites as we rehearsed, and based on audience reactions and what we’ve seen all week, more rewrites will come. So the audience will see a work performed that’s hopefully very fresh and immediate and thoughtful - but it’s not a work in its final configuration.

Peter, how would you describe your style to audiences who are new to your work? What can they expect with “Inbox Zero”?

PH: We write accessible, tuneful operas with a lot of comedy and pathos. I try to write beautiful and exciting vocal parts that take advantage of what opera singers do best. This one moves fast and has a lot of twists and turns. Expect to have a great time and a drive home with some things to think about.

Insider Interview with Organist Christopher Houlihan

On his new album “First and Last” (Azica Records), Christopher Houlihan – “the next big organ talent” (LA Times) – performs the two great bookends of French Romantic Organ works, Franck’s “Grande Pièce Symphonique” (1862) and Louis Vierne’s Symphonie No. 6 (1930).

We spoke with Houlihan about the album, Louis Vierne’s tragic life, defining a “symphony” and more:

Tell us how you came up with the repertoire for this album. 

This album includes the two pieces that are usually considered the first and last French Romantic solo organ “symphonies.” César Franck was the first to compose symphonically-scaled music for the “modern” organs built by Aristide Cavaille–Coll in the mid-19th century. These organs allowed for a wider dynamic and expressive range than had ever been experienced and they inspired a rebirth of “serious” music for the organ. One of Franck’s students, Louis Vierne, took this tradition to its zenith. His final organ symphony—the sixth, in B minor—is an extraordinary tour de force for the organist and shows off so many sounds of a pipe organ. The organ at Ascension Church is a 21st century instrument and the first French-built organ in New York—it is a great match for these colorful pieces.

Tell us a bit about Louis Vierne. He had a fascinating life, and you’ve spent many years studying, performing and recording his works. What draws you in to Vierne’s life and his music?

Vierne was born nearly blind and rose to become organist of Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, one of the most prestigious posts an organist can hold, even to this day. In the summer of 2012, I undertook a tour of six marathon performances of Vierne’s six organ symphonies. These pieces were conceived as concert works for the organ, and many are composed with cyclical themes recurring throughout the five movements. For me, they contain a whole range of human emotions, from agony, humor, passion, and even to rage. This is largely my own interpretation of the symphonies, but Vierne’s life was truly tragic and it’s difficult not to see some of his life expressed in the music.

A tragic life?

Yes, despite some professional successes (as organist of Notre-Dame Cathedral), his romantic life had serious ups and downs, the organ at the cathedral was often in need of serious repair (especially post-WWI), and he was passed over for the post of professor of organ at the Paris conservatoire, a position he deserved after years of assisting other teachers. He had a host of illnesses and physical problems, and by the end of his life could barely climb the many steps to play the organ at Notre-Dame. After making one final climb, he died on the organ bench at Notre-Dame, right in the middle of performing a recital.

Both of the major works on First and Last are “organ symphonies”. Since the music is written for organ alone, you’ll have to tell us – what makes these works “symphonies.” What are the similarities and differences from an orchestral symphony?

Well, in the case of Franck, there’s an especially strong connection between the Grand Pièce Symphonique and his Symphony in D minor. The “GPS” can be seen as a prototype of the orchestral work, and they both contain cyclical themes and roughly chart a similar structure. But one major difference is that the organ work is composed for a solo instrument and performer. The organ has historically been a kind of “synthesizer,” and its pipes imitate other instruments—flutes, trumpets, oboes, strings, and especially baroque instruments like the crumhorn and viola da gamba. The mid-19th to turn of the 20th century saw enormous innovation in the art of organ building. Organs hadn’t changed significantly since the 17th century, and were now being built larger, even more colorful, and more capable of playing modern music. These organs by no means sounded like an orchestra, but the instruments Franck and Vierne knew were tremendously expressive and dynamic, and these composers responded by writing symphonically scaled music that exploited all the “new” sounds of these instruments.  I could get more technical, but one very broad comparison might be between that of the harpsichord to piano—the music changed alongside the instruments.

You’re a professional organist, performing concerts around the country as well as overseas, and you teach organ at Trinity College in Hartford. I wouldn’t be surprised if you spend some of your free time away from the keyboards and pedalboard. Tell us about the challenges and rewards of playing the instrument.

One very rewarding but frustrating thing about being an organist is that no two instruments are alike. By and large, the piano is a standardized instrument and there is no comparison to the differences between organs. I arrive two days before a performance just to set up the organ to play the music I plan to play. One organ has two keyboards, the next has four or five. One has 20 stops to choose from, the next has 200. Every moment of the program needs to be redecided, each time I perform. When the organ is wonderful, it feels like having a partner in making the music come alive and those experiences are so satisfying. In my spare time I love to cook, garden, and to play fetch with my dog (who is named for a composer I wish wrote more for the organ—Benjamin Britten).

Insider Interview with Rudersdal Chamber Players' Christine Pryn

On April 1, 2023, the Danish ensemble Rudersdal Chamber Players makes their U.S. debut with a performance at Carnegie Hall. We spoke with founding member and violinist Christine Pryn about the group’s early beginnings, what it takes to have a lasting impact as an ensemble, and their collaboration with with composer Andrew Waggoner.

How and when was the Rudersdal Chamber Players created?

The idea came in 2017 – I just had my festival Rudersdal Sommerkoncerter, where Lera Auerbach was the featured composer and she stayed for some weeks after the festival. I was supposed to perform her music at some other concerts with the ensemble I had at that time, but the group broke up and the concerts were canceled. I was devastated and felt so ashamed that I couldn’t keep my promise to Lera, but she and her husband Rafael DeStella were extremely supportive and got me through one of the most difficult times in my career.
It was their idea to form the kind of ensemble I have now, inspired by Camerata Pacifica in Santa Barbara which they collaborate with.
The concept is a flexible combination of instruments so we can accommodate venues of different size, with or without access to a piano. It also gives us options for an extremely wide repertoire and to portray composers performing a much larger part of their chamber works than if we were just a piano quartet or piano trio.
Our base is the piano quartet, but we regularly perform as string trio and piano trio and sometimes also as string quartet, flute quartet, clarinet quintet etc.
Within the first half year of Rudersdal Chamber Player’s existence, we had more than double the amount of concerts I had with the former ensemble and today we earn more than four times as much. So, it was a definitely a change for the better! 

What is the mission of RCP?

We like to focus on music by lesser-known composers including female composers from the romantic era as well as contemporary music. As a performing artist your work won’t last and be remembered like the work of a composer. But with our programming we have a chance to make a difference. If just one of the pieces we have commissioned from composers from Denmark and abroad will be remembered and played by musicians in the future, then we have had an impact on music history. In 2019 we premiered a piano quartet by the Russian-British composer Dmitri Smirnov who died half a year later in the pandemic. It is a true master piece and we are so happy and grateful that he made it for us. It has already been performed by other musicians in other countries, so we are confident that it will be played in the future, and someone will read on Wikipedia (or whatever they will have at that time), that it was composed for us.

You’re performing music by Poul Ruders on the program at Carnegie Hall – any connection between the composer and the ensemble’s name “Rudersdal”?

The similarity of the names is a pure coincidence. The word Ruders is related to “rydning” which is a clearcutting in the woods. Rudersdal is a desirable area a little north from Copenhagen – it is a part of the so called the “whisky belt” where wealthy people enjoy a good life close to the city and close to the sea. But Denmark is still very equal compared to many other countries in the world, so you will also find very modest apartment houses in that area. Historically it was a place where merchants as well as the cultural elite spent their holiday. Grieg was a frequent guest and composed his piano concerto there, and also Hans Christian Andersen enjoyed a long stay at his friend’s place in Rudersdal. 

I decided to start my music festival in that area since there wasn’t already a festival (although there is a rich cultural life), and the ensemble is connected to the festival – hence the name.

Last year we released a world premiere recording of Ruders’ chamber music including the piano quartet, “Throne” for clarinet and piano as well as the clarinet quintet. We had been collaborating closely with the composer who is extremely nice and supportive.
The music is extremely difficult to play together so it has really improved our ensemble work. It is fun to think that when someone will play these pieces in 300 years, they might listen to our recording since it was made in collaboration with the composer.

Tell us about Andrew Waggoner’s piece “Now, the Fire” which was dedicated to your ensemble.

Andrew has been my friend for more than 13 years. He composed two pieces for my former ensemble and Now, the Fire is the first of hopefully more made for Rudersdal Chamber Players.
We are currently working on a project on the Four Elements where we combine music with other arts and science and this was made for FIRE.
It is inspired by James Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time. Andy is very good in telling a story with his music. And since he is an excellent violinist himself it is extremely well written for the instruments.

What do you most look forward to about the group’s American debut at Carnegie Hall?

After years without a chance to travel due to the pandemic it will just be mind-blowing to play in one of the best halls in the world!

Insider interview with the Cassatt String Quartet

The Cassatt String Quartet, founded in 1985, performs a free concert at the Italian Academy at Columbia University on March 30, 2023

We spoke with the members of the CSQ about the March 30 program and about the history and mission of the group. 

Your March 30, 2023 program at Columbia University features works by three American women (Amy Beach, Dorothy Rudd Moore and Florence Price), your quartet is comprised of women musicians, and takes its name from Mary Cassatt, a woman famous for her impressionist artwork in the 19th and 20th centuries. Tell us how this confluence of women connects with the mission of your ensemble? 

CSQ cellist Gwen Krosnick: One central element of the CSQ’s mission and values is our focus on contemporary music - in particular on the music of people whose work may not yet have been as widely represented on stages as we believe it should be. We're delighted to highlight Amy Beach's gorgeous piano quintet, as well as two quartet works by the great Black American composers Florence Price and Dorothy Rudd Moore. Each of these women deserves to be part of the celebrated canon of artists in our field, and it's an honor and a joy to work on their music and bring it to audiences.

I do hope that the painter Mary Cassatt - whose work was so often undeservedly lumped together with other impressionists as a footnote because she was a woman – would, if she were still alive, approve of this concert’s total focus, front and center, on an exuberant and diverse array of artistry that features American women, both in the programming and in the personnel!

 How did you choose the three works on the program? What attracted you to each of them? 

CSQ violinists Muneko Otani and Jennifer Leshnower: In celebration of the 100th anniversary of women’s right to vote, we incorporated Amy Beach’s Piano Quintet into our 2020-2021 season, and we had the pleasure of working with two different pianists: Ursula Oppens and Lydia Artymiw. Beach’s Quintet has gorgeous melodies, rich harmonies and lush Romantic writing. We are looking forward to reuniting with the pianist Magdalena Baczewska, who brings a fresh perspective and artistry to our performances.

Krosnick: With programming, in a string quartet, there's a wonderful balance of individual passions. This program, music by Price, Moore, and Beach, is very much representative of that – there were lots of thoughtful discussions before settling on this together!

It's been a joyful discovery process, with each work individually and also in seeing how the works dialogue with each other, illuminate each other, and come even more alive in each other's presence.

The G major Quartet by Florence Price is a truly great program opener, full of tenderness, miraculously beautiful tunes, and all kinds of experimentation in form: two movements only, the first of which is an adventurous sonata-form structure and the second featuring a gorgeous, hymn-like A section that alternates with an irresistible chromatic tune in the viola. The Dorothy Rudd Moore string quartet, Modes (more about that below), is an exceptionally personal and emotional statement in an entirely different language all her own: deeply chromatic, full of rhythmic choices that add lilt, thorns, and excitement. It is hauntingly beautiful, from beginning to end - or at least until the opening of the third movement, at which point the quartet explodes into joyous dance. The Piano Quintet by Amy Beach is full of high drama and sweeping romance: in some ways emblematic of the romantic chamber music language so many audience members already know and love, but again in a very personal, highly original take. All three of these composers deal in elements we may recognize - gorgeous melody, intricate counterpoint, deep attention to form and meter - but in their hands, each in a different and wonderful way, these elements reveal themselves anew.

You perform the Piano Quintet by Amy Beach with pianist Magdalena Baczewska.  Tell us about your history and association with her. 

Otani and Leshnower: Magdalena and the Cassatt have enjoyed working together over the past six or seven years. Our paths crossed at Columbia University, where she and Muneko are colleagues. She is a very thoughtful artist with great flexibility.

Krosnick: As a newer member of the CSQ, this project is my first time playing with Magdalena. She's a lovely colleague, a beautiful pianist, and a generous collaborator. Because of the Columbia University connection between Magdalena and Muneko, Magdalena is almost like extended family.

Especially in the past several years, we’ve been hearing about, and hearing the music of, the composers Florence Price and Amy Beach. Dorothy Rudd Moore is a less familiar name in American music. Tell us a little bit about her, and how you discovered her string quartet Modes.

Krosnick: I fell in love with Dorothy Rudd Moore's music in 2020; since then I have shared it as much as possible. From the first notes I heard - an astonishing recording of From The Dark Tower, her song cycle for mezzo-soprano, cello, and piano - there has been something in her music, her voice, that I find heart-stopping, irresistible, and so deeply personal. Her Baroque Suite for Unaccompanied Cello is one of my favorite program openers on solo recitals (and I’m performing it this season in New York, Boston, and Ohio).

When I joined the Cassatt Quartet, one of the first projects I advocated for was Moore's string quartet, Modes. My colleagues listened to the work and were drawn in, as I had been, by her chromatic language, the deeply personal voice there, and her incredible skill at writing for string quartet. This quartet is unusual for many reasons, especially how much she is able to accomplish - emotionally and compositionally - in such a brief form. This is a short piece with the impact of a monument.

I believe deeply that Dorothy Rudd Moore is one of the great American composers ever to live. Her chromatic language - horizontal, vertical, melodic, harmonic – is so personal in every moment; her command of form, phrase structure, meter, rhythm are unique. Most importantly, though, like the greatest of all composers one loves: the great skill with which she uses all these distinct, beloved compositional elements to her own undeniable, personal, deeply vivid emotional ends - this big, emotional impact of Moore’s music is hers alone. Her music does not sound like anyone else’s but her own.

The Cassatt String Quartet was founded in 1985, so you are approaching 40 years of music-making. What keeps you going as an ensemble, and to what do you credit your longevity?

Otani and Leshnower: The joy of making music and the opportunity to collaborate with great artists keeps us inspired and challenged. Commissioning and recording works by living composers, many of whom are now long-standing friends and musical partners, has always been a core component of our mission. Teaching also fulfills us. We are honored to serve as a bridge to the next generation.

Krosnick: I'm turning 37 in a few weeks, so I'm admittedly not (yet) the one to answer how one stays present and engaged for four decades doing this! But I will say that at least one common element struck me from my first moments with each one of my CSQ colleagues: a real love not only of the music we play, but of the process of working and trying to come to a new vision and understanding of the pieces together. String quartet life is complex: different egos, priorities, and backgrounds are always at play, sometimes at battle, often at odds. But there's a foundational level of respect for each other and for the act of playing chamber music that I believe we share, and that we try to center in on, even in our busiest and most exhausted moments. I think this helps us keep going!

There will never be enough time to play all the great music for string quartet - old, new, and yet to be composed. The well of inspiration is very literally endless, and it is a privilege just to be able to drink from it each day.

Insider Interview with Ontario Pops Orchestra founder Carlos Bastidas

The Toronto-based Ontario Pops Orchestra highlights the work of women and BIPOC composers and instrumentalists and is one of the most diverse professional orchestras in Canada. Their debut album Breaking Barriers (rel. March 31, 2023) features concertos by Bach and Vivaldi performed by violinists Tanya Charles Iveniuk, Yanet Campbell Secades and bassoonist Marlene Ngalissamy, all led by OPO founder, conductor, and music director Carlos Bastidas.  We spoke to Bastidas about the group’s mission, the new album, and what the orchestra plan’s to do next.

What prompted you to form the Ontario Pops Orchestra?

 In the Greater Toronto Area, there are several professional orchestras and about 20 community orchestras but there no symphonic pops orchestras, so we wanted to fill that cultural gap. We have been very successful in attracting new audiences to our online and in person concerts.

Tell us about the repertoire that is typical for the orchestra to perform?   

In our concert programs, I mix in popular classical pieces as well as movie soundtracks, Broadway songs and light classical concerti.

How did you choose the three soloists on Breaking Barriers?  

I wanted to feature three professional black women musicians to help bring diversity to the classical music world.

What plans are on the horizon for the OPO?  

We are one of the most diverse professional orchestras in Canada. I want to continue to grow that equity and diversity.

We are reaching to new audiences by taking the orchestra from the concert hall into public spaces to perform free concerts for everyone to enjoy, not just the patrons who can afford to pay for concert tickets. Music should be accessible to everyone, everywhere. I feel this is important for the future of classical music.

Insider Interview with Sylvan Winds

On February 19 at the National Opera Center in NYC, the Sylvan Winds present a program of contemporary works for winds and electronics. Featuring a world premiere by the Bosnian-American composer Svjetlana Bukvich, "How many would it take?" by Syrian clarinetist/composer Kinan Azmeh, and works by Allison Loggins-Hull, Phillip Bimstein, Gyorgy Ligeti, Henry Cowell, and the duo Lawson & Merrill (David Margolin Lawson, David Merrill).

We spoke to founding member and flutist Svjetlana Kabalin about the group’s 40+ years in the business, their season, and the upcoming program.

Tell us about the beginnings of the Sylvan Winds. How did the group form? 

The group started on the streets of New York City in 1976. After I graduated from Stony Brook University with a master’s degree, one of my classmates, oboist Mark Hill, called me. He said he had just $20 to his name and wondered if I’d be willing to play on the streets in Manhattan, busking for contributions from passersby. We started on the steps of the Metropolitan Museum and then went down Fifth Avenue to play baroque duos under an arch next to an active bus stop.

Then it was on to Broadway. We played in front of the theater where “The Belle of Amherst” with Julie Harris was playing. That was such a fruitful endeavor that we returned to the streets, along with a bassoonist, on July 4th weekend to take advantage of the crowds gathering all over the city for the Bicentennial festivities. Soon after, we expanded to a wind quintet, performing regularly in front of the Florsheim Shoe store on Fifth Avenue (able to take quick bathroom breaks at the St. Regis around the corner) and meeting celebrities like Rodney Dangerfield and Woody Allen as they walked past the quintet.

In fall of 1976, we performed at the reopening of Tavern on the Green in Central Park, the Bronx Botanical Garden, Brooklyn Library, Queens Museum and elsewhere. We were inspired by the St. Luke’s Chamber Ensemble concert series at the Church of St. Luke in-the-Fields in Greenwich Village, and so in 1978 we began producing our own concert series at the same historic venue.

A woodwind quintet is such an unusual group of instruments – double reeds, single reed, brass and flute. How did this particular combination of instruments become a common genre of chamber music?

The wind quintet – flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon and French horn - has been around since the second half of the 18th century, after the invention of the clarinet, so its history goes back nearly 300 years. Up until the 20th century, there wasn’t much music composed for this combination of instruments. However, from the 20th century to the present the repertoire has increased dramatically, and there are many wonderful works from which to choose, as well as many interesting arrangements of earlier works, such as Renaissance dances from the 17th century, popular pieces and core repertoire originally written for string quartet or orchestra.

What are the advantages or benefits to performing as a woodwind quintet? The challenges?

It is always a privilege to get together with colleagues to play chamber music. For wind players, it is fun to both fraternize and play beautiful music. But it is also challenging. Unlike string or brass players, who produce sounds in the same way, each of the musicians in a wind quintet produces sounds in different ways. There are only two instruments that are related, the oboe and bassoon, because of the double-reed. Otherwise, the flute, clarinet (a single reed) and horn (a brass instrument) are completely different. So, the challenges are matching timbres, intonation, and especially balances. The flute has the most limited dynamic range and the horn can obviously play very loud, so balance is very important.

The canon of works for woodwind quintet is fairly small, especially compared to that of, say, string quartet. Tell us about some of the repertoire you’ve discovered or created, and how you adapt other works for your instrumentation.

Over the past twenty-five years, we began exploring the quintet repertoire of different countries, which added a new dimension to the wind quintet program and was always very well received. Then, when the Sylvan Winds began partnering with different historic cultural venues throughout the city, the concerts became even more interesting and diverse. We have been fortunate to perform in the Great Hall at Ellis Island, the Eldridge Street Museum, Scandinavia House, and have played every year for the past 13 years at the Hispanic Society Museum & Library in Washington Heights.

We have also always been curious about past composers whose music was forgotten or under-performed. For example, we were involved in uncovering works that were performed by Georges Barrère, a French flutist who arrived in America in 1905. (Envious of the Boston Symphony Orchestra’s French wind section, the New York Symphony Orchestra’s music director, Walter Damrosch, brought Barrère along with three other French wind players and a trumpeter to New York to play in his orchestra.) During his time in America, Barrère commissioned over 140 works by Americans including music by the Black composer William Grant Still, and many women composers. These, along with the ragtime music written by young American women at the turn of the last century were the basis for our 2019 album “Music of the Gilded Age”.

Three quite diverse programs make up the Sylvan Winds 2022-2023 season: French repertoire in December, new music with electronics in February, and Spanish dance forms in May. How do these programs, and this season, fit into the mission of the ensemble?

The 2022-23 programs reflect the heart of our mission, creating compelling programs that engage audiences. Chamber music is a powerful form of communication, both for the performers and the audiences. The group is small and nimble enough to engage audiences in many different kinds of venues and with incredibly enriching programs. French repertoire is very near and dear to wind players, because the French Conservatory training developed during the 19th century gave French composers richer palettes of color, inspiring extraordinary orchestral works such as La Mer, Bolero, Daphnis & Chloe, and Afternoon of a Faun. And playing music of French composers in the historic Church of Notre Dame in Morningside Heights that has a large French and Hispanic community, seemed like the perfect way to share this tradition.

We are very excited, as well as humbled, about the program in February with electronics. It is new territory for us, but clearly a music experience that looks toward the future. And of course, we always love returning to the Hispanic Society, and our performance there in May celebrates its reopening after several years of renovation. We’re collaborating with flamenco dancer Eva Conti, Portuguese guitarist Pedro Da Silva, and percussionist Rex Benincasa for this program.

The Sylvan Winds is in its 44th concert season. What’s next for the group?

The group is looking forward to more collaborations with other performers, including our “American Voices” program with Emmy award winning baritone, Kenneth Overton; our “Tango Nuevo” program with bandoneonist Leandro Ragusa and guitarist Federico Diaz; and our collaboration with tap dancer Max Pollak (yes, tap dance!) that began with a “Woodwind Motion” concert for Composers Concordance. We also have some other very interesting programs planned, but aren’t ready to give it away just yet………

Insider Interview with Pianist Orli Shaham

On January 27, 2023 Orli Shaham makes her Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra debut performing John Adams’ piano concerto “Why Must the Devil Have All the Good Tunes?” with David Robertson conducting. In this Insider Interview with Classical Music Communications, Shaham talks about the “gnarly,” aspects of the work, Martin Luther, working with the FRSO for the first time and more.

Please give us some insight into the composer John Adams, and this piece, “Must the Devil Have All the Good Tunes?”

The style of “Must the Devil Have All the Good Tunes?” is classic Adams. It has a great deal of rhythmic drive and intensity, and thick and rich harmonies that are quite gnarly. In fact, he uses the word “gritty” to describe the sound of the first movement. There are some beautiful moments of repose where he sets the scene for lovely reflection, almost meditative kinds of sounds. The piano becomes part of the orchestra in those moments, for example, in the second movement. In the third movement, the overflowing rhythmic joy is similar to the qualities in "Hallelujah Junction," (one of my favorites of John Adams’, which I recorded with Jon Kimura Parker on my album “American Grace”).

Can you explain the title of the piece? 

The phrase has been attributed to Martin Luther, the 16th century theologian. This was one of those situations like "Hallelujah Junction" - John Adams thought that it was a title just waiting for a piece. He had the line first, and then conceived of the composition. There's a lot of devilish influences, just like in Lizst’s Totentanz, or the devilishly difficult writing of Paganini, who was himself considered a devilish virtuoso. And there are references to gospel, which are also related to the theme.

This is your debut performance in Finland. You're familiar with the composer John Adams, and the conductor, David Robertson, of course. What about the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra?

I've heard so many great recordings from this orchestra, and I've known many wonderful Finnish musicians. I'm very excited to actually go to Finland to work with some of those same musicians.

Insider Interview with Organist David Enlow

In honor of the 200th anniversary of composer César Franck’s birth, the organist David Enlow presents an all-Franck recital November 17, 2022 at The Church of the Ascension in New York City. Enlow is uniquely poised for such a commemoration. His recording of the complete organ works by Franck (Pro Organo, 2012) received critical acclaim, with l'Orgue praising his “perfect technique, inventive, flexible, vigorous musicality.” In this insider interview, we speak to Enlow about Franck, his place in the organ repertoire, and what makes this recital so special.

How and when did you get interested in playing organ?  

My grandmother (like a lot of grandmothers!) had a small electronic house organ, and when I was five years old, my idea of fun was to play Christmas carols when different family members would arrive – the only thing that has changed is that it’s now the arrival of a procession with incense and clergy!

What is Franck’s place/role as a composer in organ repertoire?  

Franck is called the ‘Father of the Symphonic School’ but in many ways that is organ world jargon – Franck was a great Romantic, a spiritual and introspective composer with great personal burdens who created beautiful soundscapes on a colossal scale.  Franck is a greater composer, in skill, inspiration, and craftsmanship, than the generations of organist-composers who followed, those who wrote principally for the organ.  Franck should really be considered a singular figure in organ music, and if organists will treat his music as Romantic music, in the way pianists approach the accompaniment to the violin sonata, all will become clear. 

What has drawn you to Cesar Franck’s compositions?  

The combination of beautiful melodies, soulful, moving harmony, intelligent voice leading and counterpoint, and the grand scale of the pieces, all contributing to a dramatic arc in each piece. 

What revelations did you have about Franck in the process of recording all of his organ music?  

I found the pieces that are regarded as “lesser Franck” can polish up really well with a few thoughtful interpretative decisions.  The ‘Final’ for example – it’s carnival music, but carnival does not mean unsophisticated, especially in 19th-century France.   

The Grande Pièce Symphonique is criticized for being sprawling and incoherent, but if you had only heard goofy renderings, Berlioz’ works would face the same judgement.  And of course, when I learned the works of his that I didn’t already know, it informed my existing interpretations of the works I had lived with since teenage years.  I was able to notice more common patterns in Franck’s compositions, devices that he loves to use and harmonies that recur, which make us more aware of which are his most special moments. 

What’s special about the organ at Church of the Ascension? 

I’ve made much of the fact that it was made in France, as opposed to American organs built in a French style by Americans who have studied that style.  It’s like the difference between champagne and a sparkling white wine from our country – the champagne doesn’t have to prove its French-ness, it just is.  So, when I am drawing stops at this organ, everything I need to play Franck is present and ready to go.  I don’t have to say “well, there is no French trompette, so I’ll make do with so-and-so.”  That French-ness aside, this is also a beautiful instrument with the scale, color, and variety to make Franck’s music come alive.  Not to discount our own native instruments -- that same level of scale, beauty, and color are also present in many American organs (otherwise I wouldn’t have recorded the Franck works at St Mary the Virgin in Times Square!)  

What are one or two of the most important things that listeners should know about Franck and his work?   

The most important thing to know is that this music comes from a time when spirituality and spectacle were aligned.  Franck prays quietly, and then moments later, he summons the titanic resources of the pipe organ to rend the heavens. There is virtuosity, kindness, intimacy, grandeur – so much is contained and expressed in this music. 

Insider Interview with Momenta Quartet (new dates)

Momenta Quartet presents its annual Momenta Festival September 15-18, 2022 (rescheduled from June). All four concerts will be at the Broadway Presbyterian Church (601 W 114th St. New York, NY), and admission is free.The seventh edition of the festival features four diverse chamber music programs each curated by a different member of the quartet. In this insider interview, we spoke with two members the quartet about their unique programs.


The September 17 program is curated by violinist Alex Shiozaki and features special guests Nana Shi (piano) and David Byrd-Marro (horn) with works by Hiroumi Mogi, Brahms, and Grażyna Bacewicz.

Could you tell us about the music of Grażyna Bacewicz? 

The Polish composer and violinist Grażyna Bacewicz (1909-1969) reminds me of quite a few mid-20th century composers who balanced an advanced sense of tonality--bordering on atonality--with great emotional content. Many of Bacewicz’s earlier works leaned more in the Romantic direction. I was already familiar with the relatively early Sonata No. 3 for Violin and Piano as well as the Quartet for Four Violins, both of which were written in a more romantic and almost neo-Classical idiom.  

Her music hits all the right buttons with me: some drama, some dissonance, some classicism, all in a well-balanced and well-written package. Certainly it helps that she was an accomplished violinist as well as a composer, and the notes lie well under the fingers. As a relatively late work, the Piano Quintet No. 2 leans farther away from familiar harmonies while raising the drama and suspense. The fiery virtuosity and tense melodies will keep you on the edge of your seat--as it does for us, too! I am ecstatic that we will be joined by pianist Nana Shi (who is also my wife), who will be making her third appearance on the Momenta Festival. 

The program includes a piece you recently premiered – In Memory of Perky Pat. How did this piece come about? 

In addition to playing great works from the distant and recent past, Momenta is all about discovering the music of today and giving it several hearings.  

We premiered Hirofumi Mogi’s In Memory of Perky Pat (for horn and string quartet) at Music From Japan’s 2022 Festival concert in New York City. We were joined by the terrific horn player David Byrd-Marrow, and had such a good time performing the piece that we decided to do it again! Inspired by the Philip K. Dick short story “The Days of Perky Pat”, this piece also reignited my interest in classic science fiction and led to an all-night binge of a collection of PKD short stories.  


The September 18th program is curated by violinist Emilie-Anne Gendron and includes works by Mario Davidvosky, Julian Carillo, Beethoven, and the world premiere of a quartet by David Glaser written in memoriam Davidovsky.

What did Mario Davidovsky mean to you and the quartet? 

Mario Davidovsky’s music figures prominently in creation of Momenta Quartet. In 2004, the composer Matthew Greenbaum invited our violist Stephanie to put together a group that would perform Davidovsky’s String Trio for events celebrating Judaism and Culture at Symphony Space and at Temple University. This proto-Momenta, as it were, so enjoyed playing together that they decided to add another violinist and form a quartet. From then the group’s evolution was set into motion: a few member changes later (as is common and natural in the vast majority of groups) and here we are.   

I never had the chance to meet Mario Davidovsky before his passing in the summer of 2019, but I knew of him as one of the compositional giants of our time.  

My own first experience playing Davidovsky’s music arose during the very strange summer of 2020. I had recently become associated with the annual Composers Conference, a summer festival devoted in large part to embracing contemporary music and emerging composers (and which Davidovsky directed for 50 years). In August 2020, the Conference planned a Mario Davidovsky virtual memorial concert consisting of his complete set of Synchronisms. (The “Synchronisms” series consists of 12 independent works composed over 40 years for various combinations of acoustic instruments and tape. The pieces are particularly visionary for their exploration of melding such disparate sound worlds.)   

I was invited to be one of the performers for his Synchronisms No. 2 for flute, clarinet, violin, cello, and tape. With COVID still very much disrupting in-person work, my collaborators and I met via Zoom to discuss matters of interpretation, practiced our parts individually with the tape and a click track, recorded each of our parts separately (with the conductor tuning in on Zoom to oversee and unify each performance)—after which our tracks were all overlaid and stitched together to form the virtual concert. Despite all the disconnection, the experience sticks in my mind fondly as being one of my first “real” projects to arise post-lockdown, indicating hope that we might one day be performing again. I was intrigued by the color, variety, whimsy, and sheer imagination of the Synchronisms. Synchronisms No. 9 (for solo violin and tape) was on my repertoire wish-list, and I am looking forward to performing it on this year’s Momenta Festival.  

The other Davidovsky-related strand: The New York-based composer David Glaser had agreed to write a new quartet for the Momenta Festival. I had no idea until seeing the finished score a few months ago that David decided to dedicate this work in memory of his teacher and mentor Mario Davidovsky. In the spirit of honoring the various past influences that go into forming what we are today, it seemed only natural to program a Davidovsky piece alongside David’s quartet, hence the inclusion of Synchronisms No. 9 on my concert. 

What’s the significance of ending the program with Beethoven’s “Serioso” Quartet? (Why Beethoven? Why this quartet?) 

The short answer as to “why Beethoven?” and “why this quartet?”: practicality. Perhaps I shouldn’t be revealing how the sausage is made, so to speak—but when it comes to programming decisions, not all of our reasons are highbrow! Sometimes it’s just because we happen to have been playing a piece we love recently, and so it’s logical to include it on a festival program – particularly one on which there are several less familiar works we are preparing with finite rehearsal time. Also, as a quartet that frequently focuses on new works and premieres, we savor any chance we get to delve into standard-repertoire pieces via repeated performances. 

The “Serioso” has been on our quartet’s wish-list for as long as I can remember. Originally, our violist Stephanie had conceived of a festival program for Fall 2020 on which “Serioso” would be juxtaposed with avant-garde German-Argentinian composer Mauricio Kagel’s surrealist 1971 film “Ludwig van,” and featuring a top-notch lineup of improvisers who would collaborate with Momenta. With that in mind, we even began rehearsing the “Serioso” in early 2020, but of course, the pandemic threw all sorts of future planning into disarray. As the pandemic progressed, our programming timelines naturally fluctuated. The subsequent Momenta Festival ended up taking place virtually in June of 2021 (thanks to the generous assistance of the Americas Society) but for that one, we had already decided to program another Beethoven work, the monumental Grosse Fuge, for Alex’s program. We finally reprised “Serioso” for the 2021-22 season and had a pretty good idea that it would go on this festival. As various ideas were thrown around, and as guest artists and aesthetic considerations gradually fell into place, for a while it spent time on each of our programs. In the end, my colleagues generously let me have it, but the truth is that each one of us could (and did) come up with some version of a program that interestingly juxtaposed the Beethoven with contemporary and lesser-known works (a hallmark of a typical Momenta concert). 

As for why it ends the program: despite its condensed length, this piece is an emotional heavyweight. It is brusque, restless, tense, emotionally raw, and often violent. 

Other than the coda, which is disarmingly fleet and joyful, the vast majority of the work feels like an existential scream into the void—after which, what more can possibly be uttered?  

Insider Interview with Sarah Plum

The ever-adventurous violinist Sarah Plum has long been a champion of contemporary music. Her latest release, Personal Noise (BGR 619, rel. June 2022), features new music for violin and electronics by living composers, many of which were written especially for Ms. Plum. The collection includes works by Mari Takano, Mari Kimura, Kyong Mee Choi, Jeff Herriot, Charles Nichols, Eric Moe and Eric Lyon. We recently spoke to her about electro-acoustic music, improvisation in Classical music, the new album, and more.

When did you know you wanted to focus your performance career on contemporary music?  

It wasn’t  ever a conscious decision,  but I have always been interested in contemporary music and modernism.   After the release of my first solo CD Absconditus, the new music part of my life went into overdrive, with more concerts, residencies, commissions and collaborations.  It was a lot of fun and I also felt a sense of a mission to get music created, played and heard.   

And I think my background has contributed to this focus : I grew up with artist parents (my Dad was a painter and my Mom was a potter) in a contemporary house that was designed by a friend of theirs.  So from an early age I was exposed to people creating contemporary art and collaborating on creative projects as a way of life. I never imagined a musical life without playing new music and working closely with living composers.  

I moved to Europe after I completed my DMA at Stony Brook and had the good fortune to take part in historic concerts and premieres of new music, playing with groups like Ensemble Moderne, Musik Fabrik, Ensemble Contrechamps, Nieuw Ensemble Amsterdam, on tour and at prominent festivals and venues.  I liked the people and the music and wanted to continue to be a part of this world, which felt very sympathetic to me. 

Also in Germany I met Sidney Corbett.  He asked me to premiere his solo sonata Archipel: Chagall  at the Landesmuseum Mainz in a gallery full of Chagall’s prints. This was the start of a long and productive collaborative friendship that persists to this day. Most recently Sidney wrote me a solo sonata based on Bach’s Sonata No. 2 in a minor for solo violin (the first in a series of commissions for works based on each of Bach’s 6 solo Sonatas and Partitas).  I played part of it in Mannheim, Germany before the pandemic but it hasn’t had its full premiere yet. 

This collaboration also gave me a template for what I wanted to do: work closely with composers with lots of repeat performances of their works.  I am an advocate for composers and their pieces.  For the most part I am not going to add pieces to my repertoire that are played and recorded a lot already.   All the composers I play are quite successful, they have good teaching jobs, get commissions, have gotten Guggenheims and Fulbrights and Barlows etc.,  but they are not household names.  It is important to me to bring these works to a larger audience and give them many repeat performances.     

Your new album, “Personal Noise” is entirely music for violin and electronics. Tell me about “electronics” as a “duo partner”. How is it to play along with, react to and interact with electronically-generated sounds? 

It can be difficult with what we call “fixed media”  - which is a  multi layered recording created by the composer.  It is fixed and unresponsive so I have to make sure I match and line up with this unyielding duo partner! On the positive side it is reliable and easier to do in the sense that it is always the same.   

Live electronics is a much more fluid experience with flexibility, which opens up all sorts of possibilities.  It is much more like working with a person as a partner, but it sometimes can be unreliable, and there is more set up and the sound check,  and sometimes things malfunction. I love working with MAX and other live electronic programs and it has been exciting to play these pieces.  

Tell us some of the different kinds of electronics used in the works on “Personal Noise.”  

Eric Moe, Mari Takano and Kyong Mee Choi’s pieces are with fixed media. Each tape that the composers made is super rich, full of different recorded and electric sounds and quite gorgeous.  I love playing these pieces in concert because it is like having an orchestra in your back pocket.   Mari Kimura, Jeff Herriott and Charles Nichols’ piecesare with MAX msp.  In Mari’s piece the electronics react to my and Yvonne’s pitches, so whatever we do, certain sounds come out of the electronics in a really lush and beautiful way.   Jeff’s piece has a variety of things going on - loops and some chance elements, which I love.  In concert it is different every time;  for the CD we chose the versions we liked the most.  Charles’ piece is, in many ways, the most ambitious.  It is made of recorded sounds, and my playing is also recorded and processed in real time.  So it is me recorded, me live and me processed - and affected by the motion sensor on my hand.  Really cool! 

How did you start playing electronic music? 

For the release of my first solo CD Absconditus, I had a concert on a series at the Berlin main train station.  Sidney  Corbett introduced me to his friend Mari Takano, whom he met when they both studied with Gyorgy Ligeti in Hamburg in the 80’s. She sent me the piece and a CD of the audio track that I played with.  I really liked the piece and liked the variety it gave me on programs of music for violin alone - I performed it over 50 times.  Then I played a piece by Matthew Burtner (my first Max piece) and fell in love with live electronics, the freedom and the potential for unusual sounds.  Next, Jeff Herriot wrote me the piece that is on “Personal Noise”.  At each step I learned more about the technology and was continually challenged with new technology and techniques.    

How much room is there, within the works on this album, for improvisation and/or variation between performances?  

 For the CD it is only Jeff Herriott’s piece that  has some choice elements and improvisation. At the concert I gave at Constellation in Chicago in May 2022 ( on Youtube), Laurie Schwartz’ss work was improvisatory.  The rest are all notated, or things happen in a chance way based on the program, but not related to what I am doing.    

What do you hope listeners take away from the album; and/or the art and craft of performing a live instrument with electronics? 

I hope listeners enjoy it and  have their perspective expanded, perhaps even have their mind blown a bit.  It’s an opportunity to learn about some composers new to them, and possibly inspired them to experience more of their music.  I hope I can give them a sense of the breadth of what is out there and an openness to explore further.   

Insider Interview with Andrew Garland and Eapen Leubner of Art Song Colorado

The acclaimed baritone Andrew Garland is front and center on a new album of songs by Gabriela Lena Frank, and Dmitri Shostakovich on Art Song Colorado’s label (DASP 005, release date August 5, 2022). “El Rebelde” (“The Rebel”) brings together the vocal compositions of Frank and Shostakovich, two composers who transformed Spanish language song through their innovative settings. In this insider interview, we spoke with Mr. Garland and Art Song Colorado founder Eapen Leubner about the new recording. 

Why did you want to record / produce a recording of / this particular repertoire? 

ANDREW GARLAND: I have been in love with Gabriela’s music since 2006 when I first met her and the Songs of Cifar [a collection of songs by Frank, two of which were premiered by Mr. Garland]. The driving rhythms, the jazz harmonies, the non-classical vocal techniques, the Spanish language, the high F#s and Gs. I feel that all of these are my strengths. And let’s be honest: any performer chooses a piece partly because they can sound good doing it. And besides her innovative music-making, I adore Gabi’s philosophy: when western “classical music” assimilates another culture, it must make both cultures equal: one culture can’t dominate the other.  

EAPEN LEUBNER: It is sometimes a challenge to decide what to produce. In this case, Andy's passion for the music of Gabriela Frank shone through. I was new to the music but hearing the repertoire made me made the decision easy. 

What do you think makes this music distinctive? 

EL: Gabriela's compositional voice merges many regional styles but still frames the music in the traditional art song format of piano and voice. The music plays around the edges of the genre by using some sprech-stimme techniques and spoken word, longer piano solos and a musical language that pairs with the poetry like a fine wine with a beautiful dinner.  

AG: To start, the poetry sources are a little off-the-beaten path, even for 21st century “art song”. 

For centuries, composers have written music that has the piano imitate other instruments. Songs of Cifar will someday be a cycle for orchestra including Nicaraguan marimba (the Nicaraguan marimba has reeds hanging from the bars that add a buzzing sound) and charango (a small guitar after which an entire Pan-American genre is named). In the second song, “Me diste ¡oh Dios! una hija,” the piano imitates both these instruments at the same time. And Jeremy Reger, our pianist, is on fire when he plays this. This song more than any has the driving rhythms I was talking about. 

And the vocal score. I mentioned the high notes. I when I first started working with Gabi I mentioned to her that F# was my favorite high note. There are a few juicy ones in the first song (“El nacimeiento de cifar”) and she wrote in several more for the premiere of “Eufemia.”   

By the way, I put “art song” in quotations above because there needs to be a better name for the genre. Most people I know - including other musicians - are put off by the term. Other people ask what “art song” is, I tell them, and then they’re put off by the term. I heard an anecdote: once Samuel Ramey bumped into Barbara Streisand in an apartment building in New York. A mutual friend introduced them and said that Sam is a singer. She asked him “Oh, what tunes do you sing?” They’re all tunes (provided they have a melody which all of these songs do, thank goodness. 

How does this repertoire resonate with Art Song Colorado’s mission? 

EL: Art Song Colorado (ASC) is dedicated to introducing new audiences to the art song genre. Our projects have included video, puppets, live performance and albums that focus on a theme. Our secondary mission is to support the artistic vision of Colorado artists. "El Rebelde" spoke to me because we hadn’t yet seriously delved into new Spanish-language music and I've admired Andy's career and musicality from a far. This was a two-fer for me. 

What does Gabriela Frank’s music mean to you? 

EL: I've only known Gabriela's music for the past year and yet, I frequently find myself humming fragments of melody and thinking about lines from the recording session. Her music is, for me, a beginning. I've been given a gift to produce this inaugural set of pieces. If you notice the numbering on the Cifar songs, there will eventually be thirty of them. If fate is kind, I want to be a part of this all the way through to a complete recording that will tell the Cifar songs from beginning to end. 

AG: I love sharing music that I love with an audience. I love introducing audiences to new music that makes them think and feel. I love giving audiences renditions of songs they love. In the past 15 years, Songs of Cifar have gone from being one to the other. 

Why was music by Shostakovich chosen for this album, and why this particular set of songs? What makes it a good pairing with Frank’s songs? 

EL: The idea of the album title "El Rebelde" came from the third Cifar song. We knew that we wanted to pair this music and contrast Gabriela's music with music that would be similarly grounded, yet profoundly different. The Shostakovich had the similarities of the Spanish melodies but, unlike Frank's music, these songs were connected to Russia by both language and harmonics. Both composers show a rebellious streak by remixing the classical art song from a mono-culture (think German Lieder or French Chanson) into a blending of cultures. The result is something that is Russian or Spanish or Nicaraguan and is more than the sum of the parts because they have been so seamlessly combined. 

AG: Including the Shostakovich Spanish Songs was Jeremy’s idea. He first suggested it because of the Spanish language connection: these are Spanish folk songs originally in Spanish, translated to Russian. These are a composer writing about another place and all of the mixed, conflicting feelings he has for that place. As we got to know the songs better we discovered that these songs also bring together two cultures seamlessly with both at the fore, neither behind the other. 

Insider Interview with Momenta Quartet

Momenta Quartet presents its annual Momenta Festival June 14-17, 2022. All four concerts will be at the Broadway Presbyterian Church (601 W 114th St. New York, NY), and admission is free.The seventh edition of the festival features four diverse chamber music programs each curated by a different member of the quartet. In this insider interview, we spoke with each member of the quartet about their unique programs.

Note: Moments Festival VII has been re-scheduled for September 15-18, 2022. The section about the June 17th program (which happened as scheduled) is below. For info on the forthcoming programs click here.


Momenta Festival VII closes out on June 17 with a “Juneteenth Celebration” curated by violist Stephanie Griffin. Her program includes a world premiere by Jazz bassist and compsoer HIlliard Greene, alongside works by Alvin Singleton (whose complete string quartets were just recorded by Momenta) and Yusef Lateef.

Momenta Quartet just released a recording of Singleton’s complete String Quartets. What compositional style through-lines do you see in these works, and what makes them stand apart?  

It was quite a journey to learn, perform and eventually record all four string quartets by the esteemed African American composer Alvin Singleton. Delving into his complete works (so far!) for this medium gave us all deeper insights into the development of his musical language.  

Interestingly, the last quartet we learned was his first, which he composed in 1967, which we are featuring on our Momenta Festival Juneteenth celebration concert on June 17th. Cast as a Passacaglia and Fugue, it is the most “traditional” of the four pieces on its surface. It opens with a lyrical cello solo in a somewhat expressionist vein. The viola joins – followed by second and first violins, engendering soulful free atonal counterpoint. Variations ensue – building up to the whirlwind of activity, which will be the fugue. I introduce the fugue subject on the viola – and what a subject it is! It is unusually long for a fugue subject and it abounds in jagged rhythms and wild turns of phrase. Not your mother’s fugue – or maybe it is – depending on who your mother is! This quartet seems so different from the other three, but if you isolate the solo lines, Alvin’s distinctive melodic style is already apparent.  

I think the main way in which he changed stylistically between this first quartet and the other three was adopting his own distinctive brand of “minimalism.” I hesitate to even use that word, since it has the connotations of Philip Glass and Steve Reich – or even Feldman, on the other side of the minimalist spectrum. Getting past those conceptions of what “minimalism” is – I think it applies to Alvin’s music in his use of repetition, large-scale sections of rhythmic and even pitch unisons (especially apparent in String Quartet no. 4 “Hallelujah Anyhow”) and his signature use of silence.  

You will not hear this in String Quartet no. 1, but a hallmark of Alvin’s compositional style is the way he juxtaposes wildly different sections with long silences in between. It’s as if, after String Quartet no. 1, he replaced the traditional idea of “development” with an almost Zen-like approach of letting the listener experience sections of music with wildly different expressions and giving them the silences in between to draw their own connections. 

One of the quartets was written for Momenta. How does this work stand out, and is there any particular traits the group has that the composer incorporated into the work?  

String Quartet no. 4 “Hallelujah Anyhow” was commissioned for Momenta by Chamber Music America, and we had the joy of premiering it on our last in-person Momenta Festival before the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2019.  

It stands out in its bold and uncompromising use of unisons. Like his string quartets Nos. 2 and 3, it shows Alvin using his signature technique of juxtaposing contrasting sections with dramatic silences in between. But while those pieces have extended sections in rhythmic unison, “Hallelujah Anyhow” starts with a long and arresting passage with all four of us in pitch and rhythmic unison – and that material keeps recurring throughout the piece. It’s brash, bright and rhythmic. To me it evokes the feeling of a big band at times. The unisons are broken up by glimmers of slow, dark harmonies, which will later take more prominence in the piece.  

One would have to ask Alvin himself (but he probably won’t tell you!) if he factored in the personality of Momenta itself in this commission. If I may blow Momenta’s horn for a moment, though, I think this kind of writing shows that, based on his extensive experience with us in our performances of his second and third quartets, he knew he could trust us to be able to play this! It is no small feat to pull off a performance with all the pitch unisons and jagged rhythms. Out of all of his pieces, this was by far the most challenging in the recording session. (Alvin Singleton: Four String Quartets available for purchase here)  

How did you get to know Alvin Singleton and what attracts you to his music?  

We first met Alvin Singleton when Tom Buckner invited us to play his second and third quartets on Alvin’s 75th birthday concert on the Interpretations series at Roulette. On that same concert I played his solo viola piece “Argoru” and his graphic score piece “Be Natural” (1974), which I will be playing with Michael and guest bassist Hilliard Greene on the June 17th Momenta Festival program.  

We immediately loved Alvin both as a human being and a composer. Many things attract me to his music  - above all its freshness, originality and sense of spontaneity. As an improviser myself, I feel a kinship between Alvin’s aesthetic and the world of avant-garde jazz. And it turns out that Alvin is not directly trying to mimic jazz in any way, but he had tried his hand at it on the piano many years ago and has deep friendships with some of today’s leading figures in avant-garde jazz, including Wadada Leo Smith and Henry Threadgill. We will honor that by including the great jazz bassist Hilliard Greene in our interpretation of “Be Natural.” 

Insider Interview with Violinist Maya Magub

During the global pandemic, the British-American violinist Maya Magub – like so many others – turned to music for solace. Her recording of Six Consolations by Franz Liszt (five of which were arranged by her, and recorded here for the first time), with the pianist Hsin-I Huang is on a new album, “Consolations” (CRD 3540, release date June 3, 2022). In anticipation of the June 3 album release, singles are released on April 22 (Consolation No. 5) and May 13 (Consolation No. 3).. We recently spoke with the violinist and asked her about her arranging these iconic works, the recording process, her career in Hollywood, and more!

You’ve said that, because the album was made during the pandemic, you had quite a unique recording process - and that sometimes it was a more “democratic” process. How did that work? 

Yes. Hsin-I and I had been playing together before the pandemic, and one of the things I was most sad about losing out on at the beginning of it all (alongside the global toilet paper shortage anxiety!!) was the ability to play chamber music. The idea for this project came to me very early on, and I think it was my way of feeling connected. I never feel isolated if I have my violin with me! So, after recording several film scores from my newly-assembled home studio, I realized it could be possible to make a violin and piano album this way, with lots of discussion and collaboration but recording separately. 

Of course it is always ideal to play together in the same space, but we did find some really surprising silver linings in the process of recording remotely. We couldn't begin by playing through the music, but in the early stages of rehearsal that often results in one person imposing their vision on the other (ok, yes, often the violinist...!!). This time we had to begin with discussion.  

Before any recording could happen, it was necessary to map out which of us had the part with the most momentum at any point (either a whole piece or sometimes sections within a piece) and let that person record first. In the transcriptions of piano pieces, it sometimes felt right to give Hsin-I the freedom to record first without any prior discussion, as she would choose to play the solo piano version. There were times when her recording would be a surprise to me, because I had envisioned an entirely different tempo.  

With the Bach/Gounod ‘Ave Maria’, for example, I had imagined playing it slower with long drawn out legato lines, suited to the violin’s greater ability to sustain. If we had been rehearsing in a conventional way I would probably have stopped early on and suggested a slower tempo, and she instinctively would have followed my rubato in certain places. In this case, her recording was so beautiful, sincere and profound that, though I had imagined it differently, I hated the idea of changing anything. Because of our unusual recording process, I had the chance to listen and play through with it many times and, over time, I found small ways to use rubato in its original definition - robbing time but then giving it back. I found that it was possible to feel free enough without stretching the overall tempo, and came to feel that I had made it 'my own'.  

Later, I discovered that the piece first came to life while Gounod was improvising over someone else’s rendition of the Bach (the piano line). So perhaps this unusual process had actually allowed us to approach the music in the same way, by honoring the Bach and adapting to that rather than treating it as an accompaniment.  

We had a similar experience with one of the Liszt Consolations - No. 5. Again, Hsin-I's vision was faster than I had imagined, but sounded beautiful. I just had to rethink and keep an open mind. After living with her recording for a while I realized that slurring more notes together made a huge difference, and I now can't imagine the piece any other way!  

Of course there were also times when one of us felt strongly about a passage after it had been recorded, and that we couldn’t play it that way with enough conviction to make it our own. These were times to take advantage of the ability to re-record after more discussion (without needing to rebook a studio!). All in all it took a LOT of time, but was very much a musical collaboration, just as it would have been recording conventionally.   

How did you approach creating the arrangements of Lizst’s Consolations for violin and piano? How are they different from the original score for piano solo? 

In thinking about music as consolation, I remembered that Milstein had transcribed the wonderful ‘Lento Placido’, Liszt’s Consolation No 3, and I wondered what the other 'Consolations' would sound like for violin and piano. It was so exciting listening to them, because it was so easy to imagine them this way, and that's how this whole project evolved. 

Much of Liszt's Consolations have obvious melody lines perfectly suited to the violin, and there are often musical echos that work well as a piano ‘answering phrase’. Tempting as it was to steal all the best melodies for the violin(!), an important part of the transcription process was to find moments where the violin should rest and the piano answer. After that, it was a question of making the new piano part flow logically in its own right, sometimes adding and sometimes  taking away so that the voice-leading made sense in its own right. 

I was lucky with the keys: The set of six Consolations oscillate between the contrasting keys of D flat and E major, both of which lie very well on the violin. The key of E major uses the brightness and natural resonance of the E string, and D flat has a contrasting richness. In Consolation No. 4, which has a prayer-like quality, I realized I could introduce another color by introducing the mute - 'con sordino'

It felt important to make use of the full pitch range of the violin, and it was natural to use two different registers for a repeated melody, or to play in octaves. Liszt uses a lot of thirds and sixths in the melody of Consolation No. 5, and they translated well. Occasionally the original voicing felt awkward on the violin, and it was fun to find the most violinistic way to keep the original harmonies by inverting some of the intervals. This one felt a lot like a Kreisler encore by the time I'd finished!  

The mini 'cadenza' in Consolation No. 6 was another fun moment to transcribe: the notes had to be changed to make them lie well on the violin, but within Liszt's original contours, and it was exciting experimenting with different patterns until it felt 'right'. I tried to think about what Milstein may have done, an my inspiration was his transcription of No. 3 with it's mini cadenzas. 

The album is aptly titled Consolations – not just because the works by Liszt are the focal point of the album, but the whole collection is meant to console. What music did you listen to during the last two years when you needed consolation? 

Like so many people, I found myself listening to all sorts of different music during the pandemic. And sadly, with war and inequality rife in the world today, we are no less in need of consolation now. Sometimes we need upbeat music to cheer us up, but I often find that slower, more nostalgic music brings consolation by making me feel understood, in a way that more precise verbal language can’t.  

The other pieces on the program came from piles of my father's old albums for violin and piano, full of the best loved tunes - some written for violin and piano, and others transcribed from operas or the piano repertoire. I had performed many of these over the years for the wonderful UK charity, 'Everyone Matters', which brings concerts to care homes and hospices. The audiences there are so appreciative of a really great melody, especially one they remember from their past; but these short pieces are so well known that musicians tend to look down on them.  

Somehow the pandemic gave me back the ability to appreciate them for what they really are and draw on them for my own consolation. Choosing the selections for the album was a great opportunity to frame every piece within this theme of consolation, and I realized afterwards that this had made me approach and play them differently. Certainly listening to them as a collection feels very different from hearing one in isolation as an encore, and gives them an extra weight and profundity. I hope that's something that other listeners will feel on some level and take away from the album. 

In addition to your own albums, you have a career in Hollywood, featured on countless movie soundtracks and pop recordings. Out of all these projects, are there any that stand out from the others as favorites, or ones you were most excited to take a part in? 

Oh so many...! I really feel so lucky to be doing what I do, and to be immersed in it here where it all happens. I love walking into a studio - Fox, or Warners or Sony - where they are busy building sets for a movie, and knowing that Clint Eastwood can just wander into our recording at any moment! Every time we play for John Williams is a dream: the music is sublime and he hears everything. From Star Wars to his solo violin album with the wonderful Anne Sophie Mutter, it has been amazing just to be in the same room as him. I've had many exciting moments with icons like Burt Bacharach; Bono at the Hollywood Bowl (where Bill and Hillary Clinton asked to meet the musicians afterwards!); and Adele at the Grammys. We have worked with Alan Menken, Hans Zimmer, Danny Elfman... many legends and many exciting times! 

Insider Interview with Pianist Ana-Marija Markovina

On January 7, 2022, Pianist Ana-Marija Markovina released a massive and comprehensive set of solo piano works by Felix Mendelssohn (Hänssler Classic, HC18043), twelve discs in all. In this insider interview, we spoke to the pianist about embarking on such a task, why the composer is underrated, her love for literature, and so much more!

What inspired you to record the complete solo works for Mendelssohn?  

Mendelssohn is, in my opinion, one of the most underrated composers ever. Some pieces, such as the Variations Sérieuses, have become quite famous and are present on concert stages and in musical institutions. The Songs without Words - Lieder ohne Worte - also enjoy great popularity. But otherwise? One knows hardly anything about Mendelssohn's vast oeuvre. I was interested in the reason for this lack of presence in people's consciousness. One of the reasons is certainly to be found in the dark times when Jewish music was forbidden or at least frowned upon. And it wasn't just the 12 Nazi years here. There were always anti-Semitic attitudes, just think of Wagner. Wagner despised Mendelssohn because he was Jewish. He wrote nasty things about him, what was terrible.  This attitude is certainly one reason why Mendelssohn could not occupy the same space in the general consciousness as, say, Chopin or Brahms. I find that tragic and want to change it. 

And the reason why it is a complete recording is that I am trying to make only complete recordings. I'm always interested in wholeness in every sense. I am more fascinated by becoming than by being. The fascination for me is the path of life, the development, the growth. And I experience that only if I identify completely with the work, get to know everything, explore every corner of a composer’s life and work, and don't "cherry-pick".  

What does your box set bring to the Mendelssohn canon that was previously missing? 

First and foremost, I would like to mention the sketches, the fragments. They give us an important new insight into Mendelssohn's working methods. It is more exciting for me to see what he discarded than what he published. And, what is also a novelty: I have recorded the different versions whenever I could find them. From this it is evident that Mendelssohn very consciously edited his works when he was to publish them. The thing he lacked most in life was: Time. He had no time. He worked incredibly hard, was a successful music manager, a family man, and a helpful friend. This led to the fact that he wrote down, for example, a small song without words quite inspired but quickly, and he did not write it down exactly. When it came to publication, however, he wanted to go back to work, because he was seldom satisfied with his results. And this revising was particularly interesting for me. One can then best sense how he thought and what musical conception he had. 

In addition, there are some works that have never appeared in the context of a complete recording such as the solo version of the Capriccio MWV U 87, some songs newly added by Larry Todd and smaller works. 

If you could single out just one or two, what solo piano works do you wish the world knew about? In other words, are there any pieces that you wish were just as well-known as the composer’s “greatest hits”? 

Yes, of course. First of all, there are the early sonatas. I appreciate them all, but especially the Sonata in C minor. The beginning of the first movement is strongly reminiscent of Beethoven's "Pathetique" and is very impressive. But also the F minor Sonata MWV U 23 - inconceivable that an 11 year old child wrote this! We think first of Mozart when it comes to the subject of child prodigies, but Mendelssohn is at least as great a phenomenon. I am also particularly enthusiastic about some less know later piece, the etudes e.g,, especially B flat minor MWV U 117 and A minor MWV U 142. 

You’ve made a name for yourself recording the complete works for piano of a few composers now. With each of these sets, how do you begin the process of such a massive undertaking? 

That's quite simple: I read. I read as much literature as I can. That helps me to immerse myself in the composer's world. Into his or her everyday life, their relationships with other people. I try to understand how he or she grew up, what the upbringing was like, whether the parents were loving, nurturing and understanding or punitive and destructive. In Mendelssohn's case, the family history is particularly exciting because of the great Moses Mendelssohn, who shaped the family for generations, indeed who shaped his entire era and humanity to this day as a humanist philosopher.  

Furthermore here is the fact that the family was very rich. Felix and Fanny never had financial worries, that was not an issue at all. On the contrary: they rather tried to hide their wealth and therefore worked all the more diligently. I internalise all this before I start practicing. The atmosphere, the spirit of the works is then much closer and easier for me to grasp. 

What insights about Mendelssohn did you gain in the process of recording the album? 

His life itself. The essence of his being! He was a very generous man - one experiences this above all in the infinite wealth of ideas of his melodies. And in what he did not publish. He did not have to carry out every idea, that is also a sign of a gigantic talent, a sign of his modesty, his seriousness and just his generosity. I can talk about that now with greater certainty, with a certain clarity. And I could not do that before. Before, before the recording, I knew his music, but now it flows through my veins, so to speak. 

What do you hope listeners take away from the album?  

First of all, many hours of beautiful music. And then the realization that even the greatest talent in the cosmos must work hard, because otherwise the talent is worthless. Mendelssohn, with all the privileges in his life, wealth and talent, was hardworking and modest. He was a wonderful character, everyone loved him. I think, I hope, you can hear that. And that's a beautiful contribution to a happy life, isn't it?